Finding count of duplicate numbers in a sorted array using binary search
Algorithm for finding duplicates makes use of binary search to find the first occurrence and the last occurrence of the element to be searched.
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Finding the first occurrenceIf the searched element located at index mid and its previous element (i.e at index mid-1) match, binary search continues in the sorted space to the left side of index mid i.e from index beg till index mid-1. This way the search continues until the previous element is the same as the element to be searched. When the search terminates we get the index of the first occurrence.
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Finding the last occurrence If the searched element located at index mid and its next element (i.e at index mid+1) matches the searched value, the search continues in the sorted space to the right side of mid i.e from index mid+1 till index end. When the search terminates we get the index of the last occurrence.
Thus, count of duplicate elements = Index of the last occurrence - Index of the first occurrence + 1
Example
Time complexity : Log ( N ), as we use the binary search algorithm at the core for finding the count of duplicate numbers.
Program for finding the count of duplicate numbers within a sorted array using binary search
def FirstOccurrence ( array, n ) :
beg = 0
end = len(array) - 1
while (beg <= end) :
mid = int (beg + (end-beg)/2)
if (array[mid] == n) :
if (mid-1 >= 0 and array[mid-1] == n) :
end = mid-1
continue
return mid
elif (array[mid] < n) :
beg = mid + 1
else :
end = mid - 1
return -1
def LastOccurrence (array, n) :
beg = 0
end = len(array)-1
while (beg <= end) :
mid = int(beg + (end-beg)/2)
if (array[mid] == n) :
if (mid+1 < len(array) and array[mid+1] == n) :
beg = mid + 1
continue
return mid
elif (array[mid] < n) :
beg = mid + 1
else :
end = mid - 1
return -1;
array = [ 1, 2, 3, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 12, 13 ]
n = int (input("Enter the number : "))
first_index = FirstOccurrence (array, n)
last_index = LastOccurrence (array, n)
if (first_index == -1 or last_index == - 1) :
print("Element does not exist")
else :
print("First occurrence of " + str(n) + " is at index : " + str(first_index))
print("Last occurrence of " + str(n) + " is at index : " + str(last_index))
print("Total count : "+ str(last_index - first_index + 1))
Output
Enter the number : 9
First occurrence of 9 is at index : 3
Last occurrence of 9 is at index : 6
Total count : 4
Enter the number : 10
First occurrence of 10 is at index : 7
Last occurrence of 10 is at index : 8
Total count : 2
Enter the number : 5
Element does not exist
Enter the number : 12
First occurrence of 12 is at index : 9
Last occurrence of 12 is at index : 9
Total count : 1
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int FirstOccurrence (vector<int> &, int);
int LastOccurrence (vector<int> &, int);
int FirstOccurrence (vector<int> &vec, int n) {
int beg = 0;
int end = vec.size() - 1;
while (beg <= end) {
int mid = beg + (end-beg)/2;
if (vec[mid] == n) {
if (mid-1 >= 0 and vec[mid-1] == n) {
end = mid-1;
continue;
}
return mid;
}
else if (vec[mid] < n)
beg = mid + 1;
else
end = mid - 1;
}
return -1;
}
int LastOccurrence (vector<int> &vec, int n) {
int beg = 0;
int end = vec.size()-1;
while (beg <= end) {
int mid = beg + (end-beg)/2;
if (vec[mid] == n) {
if (mid+1 < vec.size() and vec[mid+1] == n) {
beg = mid + 1;
continue;
}
return mid;
}
else if (vec[mid] < n)
beg = mid + 1;
else
end = mid - 1;
}
return -1;
}
int main()
{
vector<int> vec = { 1, 2, 3, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 12, 13 };
int first_index, last_index, n;
cout << "Enter the number : ";
cin >> n;
first_index = FirstOccurrence (vec, n);
last_index = LastOccurrence (vec, n);
if (first_index == -1 or last_index == - 1) {
cout << "Element does not exist" << endl;
} else {
cout << "First occurrence of " << n << " is at index : " << first_index << endl;
cout << "Last occurrence of " << n << " is at index : " << last_index << endl;
cout << "Total count : " << last_index - first_index + 1;
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter the number : 13
First occurrence of 13 is at index : 10
Last occurrence of 13 is at index : 10
Total count : 1
Enter the number : 8
Element does not exist
Enter the number : 5
Element does not exist
Enter the number : 3
First occurrence of 3 is at index : 2
Last occurrence of 3 is at index : 2
Total count : 1
Enter the number : 9
First occurrence of 9 is at index : 3
Last occurrence of 9 is at index : 6
Total count : 4
public class FindDuplicates {
int FirstOccurrence (int[] array, int n) {
int beg = 0;
int end = array.length - 1;
while (beg <= end) {
int mid = beg + (end-beg)/2;
if (array[mid] == n) {
if (mid-1 >= 0 && array[mid-1] == n) {
end = mid-1;
continue;
}
return mid;
}
else if (array[mid] < n)
beg = mid + 1;
else
end = mid - 1;
}
return -1;
}
int LastOccurrence (int[] array, int n) {
int beg = 0;
int end = array.length - 1;
while (beg <= end) {
int mid = beg + (end-beg)/2;
if (array[mid] == n) {
if (mid+1 < array.length && array[mid+1] == n) {
beg = mid + 1;
continue;
}
return mid;
}
else if (array[mid] < n)
beg = mid + 1;
else
end = mid - 1;
}
return -1;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 12, 13 };
int first_index, last_index, n;
n = 9;
FindDuplicates fd = new FindDuplicates();
first_index = fd.FirstOccurrence(array, n);
last_index = fd.LastOccurrence(array, n);
if (first_index == -1 || last_index == - 1) {
System.out.println("Element does not exist");
} else {
System.out.println("First Occurrence of " + n + " is at index : " + first_index);
System.out.println("Last Occurrence of " + n + " is at index : " + last_index);
System.out.println("Total Count : "+ (last_index - first_index + 1));
}
fd = null;
}
}
Output
First Occurrence of 9 is at index : 3
Last Occurrence of 9 is at index : 6
Total Count : 4